Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 - February 24, 2001):
Claude was the nephew of Thomas Edison, the inventor.
He was an American electrical engineer and mathematician, has been called "the father of information theory", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory.
His contributions to science are well known.
What is not well known is that he made a fortune in stock market and gambling.
He met his wife Betty when she was a numerical analyst at Bell Labs.
Shannon and his wife Betty used to go on weekends to Las Vegas with M.I.T. mathematician Ed Thorp and made very successful forays in roulette and blackjack using game theory type methods co-developed with fellow Bell Labs associate, physicist John L. Kelly . based on principles of information theory and RISK CONTROL.
Shannon and Thorp also applied the same theory, later known as the Kelly criterion, to the stock market with even better results.
Photo Credits: fancygreenbee
Edward O. Thorp
Edward Oakley Thorp (born in 1933) is a hedge fund manager, American math professor, author, and blackjack player.
He is best known for his 1962 book Beat the Dealer, which was the first book to prove mathematically that blackjack could be beaten by card counting.
He started his Las Vegas applied research using $10,000, with Manny Kimmell, a known mob associate, providing the venture capital.
The experimental results proved successful and his theory was verified since he won $11,000 in a single weekend, equivalent to $70,000 in today's dollars. Casinos now shuffle well before the end of the deck as a countermeasure.
He could have won more in his initial foray in Las Vegas save for the fact that his uncanny ability at winning drew the unwelcome attention of the casino security, mostly mob figures and that led to repeated expulsions from the various premises he visited that night.
News about the incident, even though it happened in Las Vegas, didn't stay there.
Word of the feat spread among gambling circles, always eager for new methods of winning, and Thorp became an instant, if unlikely, celebrity among blackjack aficionados.
Due to the great demand generated about disseminating his research results to a wider gambling audience he wrote the book Beat the Dealer in 1962, widely considered the original card counting manual, and which sold over 700,000 copies, a huge number for a specialty title that put it in the New York Times bestseller list, much to the chagrin of Kimmel whose identity was thinly disguised in the book as Mr. X.
Read the Beat the Dealer Book
Read Fortune's Formula Book
Read Bringing Down The House Book
Since the late 1960s he has used his knowledge of probability and statistics in the stock market and by discovering and exploiting a number of pricing anomalies in the securities markets he has made a significant fortune.
He is now president of "Edward O. Thorp & Associates" in Newport Beach and manages a hedge fund.
Princeton-Newport was Thorp's first hedge fund and it achieved an annualized net return of 15.1 percent over 19 years. In May 1998 Thorp reported that his personal investments yielded an annualized 20 percent rate of return averaged over 28.5 years.
Photo Credits: Naomi Ibuki
John Larry Kelly, Jr (1923-1965)
John Larry Kelly, Jr. was a scientist who worked at Bell Labs. He is best known for formulating the Kelly criterion, an algorithm for maximally investing money.
In 1962 Kelly created one of the most famous moments in the history of Bell Labs by using an IBM 704 computer to synthesize speech.
Apart from being a Physicist he was a recreational gunslinger and a daredevil pilot all at the same time.
He was also an associate of Claude Shannon at Bell Labs.
Kelly died tragically of a stroke on a Manhattan sidewalk at the young age of 41 in 1965. It is also reported that he never used his own criterion to make money.
The Kelly's formula
The Kelly criterion, sometimes referred to as the Kelly formula, was described in A New Interpretation of Information Rate, by J. L. Kelly, Jr, Bell System Technical Journal, 35, (1956), 917 -926, as a formula used to maximize the long-term growth rate of repeated plays of a given gamble that has positive expected value.
The formula specifies the percentage of the current bankroll to be bet at each iteration of the game.
In addition to maximizing the growth rate in the long run, the formula has the added benefit of having zero risk of ruin; the formula will never allow a loss of 100% of the bankroll on any bet. An assumption of the formula is that currency and bets are infinitely divisible, though this is met for practical purposes if the bankroll is large enough.
Click here for the link to Kelly's formula if you are interested.
DreamTai uses Kelly's formula and risks only TWO percent of the equity in a single trade to maximise profits.
Interesting links
- THE KELLY CRITERION IN BLACKJACK, SPORTS
- BETTING, AND THE STOCK MARKET
- by Edward O. Thorp
- Paper presented at: The 10th International Conference on
- Gambling and Risk Taking
- Montreal, June 1997
- http://www.bjmath.com/bjmath/thorp/paper.htm
- Edward O Thorp - Inventor of Card Counting in Blackjack
- http://www.blackjackhero.com/blackjack/players/edward-thorp/
